During 2025, the Parliament of Pakistan enacted a total of 41 laws after their passage by both Houses and assent by the President. Over 12 months, the Senate passed 75 bills, the National Assembly approved 55 bills, while 11 bills were passed in joint sittings of both the Houses.

What was the volume of legislative activity in the Senate?

The Senate’s legislative business during 2025 comprised 88 pieces of legislation, with half of them being government bills and half private members’ bills. Of the government bills, 18 originated in the Senate, while 26 government bills passed by the National Assembly were sent to the Upper House. Of the private members’ bills, 34 were introduced directly in the Senate, while 10 were transmitted from the National Assembly. Moreover, as many as six ordinances were laid in the Upper House.

In total, the Senate passed 75 bills during the year, including 38 government-sponsored bills and 37 private members’ bills.

What was the volume of legislative activity in the National Assembly?

The National Assembly considered a total of 144 bills during 2025, comprising 75 government bills and 69 private members’ bills. Of these, the House passed 55 bills, including 41 government-sponsored bills and 14 private members’ bills. The government also laid eight ordinances in the Assembly.

The government’s legislative agenda in the National Assembly was initiated by 19 federal ministries, with the Ministry of Interior sponsoring the highest number of bills. A ministry-wise breakdown of the bills introduced during the year is as follows:

  • Ministry of Interior: 20 bills
  • Ministry of Law, Justice and Human Rights: 11 bills
  • Ministry of Finance and Revenue: Six bills
  • Ministries of Federal Education and Professional Training, and Defence: Five bills each
  • Ministry of Maritime Affairs: Four bills
  • Ministries of Petroleum, Information and Broadcasting, National Heritage and Culture, and Parliamentary Affairs: Three bills each
  • Ministries of Planning and Development, Economic Affairs, Establishment, and National Food Security and Research: Two bills each
  • Ministries of Housing and Works, Commerce, Railways, Foreign Affairs, Information Technology, and Board of Investment: One bill each

In addition to the 41 government bills passed, 31 government-sponsored bills are currently at the first-reading stage in the National Assembly. Consideration of two bills has been deferred, while one bill has been referred back to the relevant standing committee for further deliberation.

How did the private members’ legislative business fare in the National Assembly?

Among private members’ bills introduced in the National Assembly, lawmakers from the Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians (PPPP) sponsored the highest number of 37 bills, followed by Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) with 15 bills, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf-affiliated independents with 12 bills, and the Muttahida Qaumi Movement Pakistan (MQM-P) with four bills. One bill was jointly sponsored by lawmakers belonging to PPPP and PML-N.

Of the private members’ bills considered during the year, 14 were passed, 44 stood referred to the relevant standing committees, five were dropped, four were deferred, and one was withdrawn by the mover. Additionally, one private member’s bill initially passed by the National Assembly was later reconsidered and referred back to the standing committee for further review.